Fecha de publicación: -- Fuente: Materials The construction industry is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and waste. Sustainable construction promotes the use of resource-efficient materials with low potential environmental impact. Earth as a building material is gaining attention for its abundance and recyclability, but the high thermal conductivity often requires the use of thick walls to attain minimum thermal performance. Agro-industrial by-products can be used to improve thermal performance, but the environmental and economic impact of this strategy remains underexplored. This study evaluates the incorporation of wheat straw, cork granules and ground olive stones (GOSs) into compressed earth blocks (CEBs) through an LCA and multi-criteria analysis. Results show that while technically effective, the environmental impact and production costs can increase substantially depending on material classification. A sustainability assessment identified GOS-based CEBs as the most balanced option. The results emphasise the role of circular strategies in earthen construction, supporting material classification policies, standardisation and waste utilisation to promote sustainable resource management