The present invention relates to a device for continuous monitoring and improved automatic control of temperature, and of aeration-oxygenation, of the process of alcoholic fermentation in wine by means of acoustic emission techniques (D1), of the type of devices that incorporate means for tracking and controlling alcoholic fermentation in a self-emptying fermentation tank (0), and that mainly consists of: a. an instrumentation subsystem (1); b. an acoustic emission instrumentation subsystem (2); c. a gas processing and storage subsystem for the gases of air, CO2, N2 or O2 (3); d. a control subsystem (4); and a method (P1) that uses the system (D1).