Fuente: PubMed "Tomato process" J Environ Manage. 2025 Dec 13;397:128325. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128325. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNano-enabled agriculture technology is crucial for advancing Sustainable Development Goals. This study investigated the combined effects foliar sprayed La2O3 NMs, CeO2 NMs, and Y2O3 NMs on the occurrence of early blight in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as a function of application concentrations. Results demonstrated that the disease suppression capability of La2O3 NMs was 3.57 % and 17.86 % greater than that with CeO2 NMs and Y2O3 NMs at their optimal concentrations, respectively. Combined application of 100 mg/L La2O3 NMs and 100 mg/L CeO2 NMs reduced disease severity by 60.71 %, which was 1.21-, 1.31-, and 1.89-fold greater than that of 200 mg/L La2O3 NMs, 100 mg/L CeO2 NMs, and the commercial pesticide (Triziman), respectively. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that the combined application of La2O3 and CeO2 NMs simultaneously promoted multiple plant defense pathways, including the activation of disease resistance pathways dependent on salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, the enhancement of the antioxidative defense system, and the increase in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Furthermore, the application of different NMs increased tomato yield by 47.38-64.83 %, raised total vitamin and soluble sugar content in fruits by 32.31-98.59 %, and improved the content of nutritive elements by 29.79-67.03 % compared with the infected control. These findings provide deeper mechanistic insights into how NMs enhance plant immunity and highlight their potential for broader agricultural applications.PMID:41391227 | DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128325