Fuente: Prohibición Partners Lugar: Global Cannabis Report 5th Edition Contents

Report Overview
The Medicines (Deep Dives)
Consumer Attitudes
Health & Science
Legal Landscape
Industry Voices





Psilocybin




Legality: The UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances (the ‘Vienna’ Convention), 1971, identifies psilocybin as a Schedule 1 substance, a category of illicit drugs deemed to offer no medical benefit and with a high potential for abuse33.



Mechanism: Psilocybin is a 5-Ht2a agonist, which means it can promote serotonin activity in the human brain and possibly also disrupt dysfunctional brain connectivity, thus offering a potent new alternative for the treatment of a wide variety of neurological and mental health conditions34.



Key Insight: Academic studies conducted in the US and the UK using psilocybin with accompanying psychological support demonstrated rapid and long-lasting positive effects on patients suffering from depression and anxiety35. In one study the positive effects were still evident up to four and a half years later36.




LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)




History: LSD-25 is a psychoactive substance first synthesised in 1938 by Dr Albert Hofmann, the same person to first synthesise psilocybin (Indocybin)37. As early as the 1960s, LSD was proposed as a treatment for neuroses, including schizophrenia, as well as for alcohol and narcotic addiction and to ease the suffering of terminally ill cancer patients38.



Research Highlight: Researchers at the Eleusis Benefit Corporation in New York are seeking to leverage the anti-inflammatory effect of low doses of LSD to stave off Alzheimer’s disease39. The company so far has been successful in stage I clinical trials, which demonstrated the safety of doses up to 20 micrograms in geriatric populations40.




Ketamine




Status: Unlike other psychedelics, ketamine has been available as a medicine (general anaesthetic) for decades41. It is also used as an ‘off-label’ treatment for depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation in ketamine-infusion therapy clinics42.



The Clinic Model: There has been a proliferation of ketamine infusion therapy clinics throughout the US and to a lesser extent in Europe43. These clinics may well become a prototype in the market, occupying a prime position to take advantage of future expansion into psilocybin- and MDMA assisted-therapy, when these substances receive FDA and EMA approval44.




MDMA




Classification: MDMA is not regarded as a classic psychedelic. It is an outlier among the other substances profiled in this report as its use is not generally associated with hallucinations, and it has a high potential for abuse, unlike the other psychedelics profiled45.



Therapeutic Potential: MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of PTSD received Breakthrough Therapy Designation from the US FDA in 2017. Phase III clinical trials are underway in the US and Europe and licensing approval is expected as early as 202246.




Ibogaine




Legal Status: Ibogaine is not listed as a scheduled substance on the UN International Narcotics Control Board’s (INCB) Green List Psychoactive Substances under International Control47.



Medical Application: Ibogaine has the potential to decrease a patient’s misuse of stimulants, opiates and alcohol, and reduces symptoms of withdrawal (from opiates) after the administration of a single dose48. Ibogaine therapy can cost between US$5,000 and US$8,000 per course of treatment when paid for privately49.







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