Fuente: Asqueous Extraction Byproducts The symbiotic relationship between science and technology forms the cornerstone of sustainable development. Their combined influence shapes our capacity to tackle the manifold challenges of environmental degradation, social inequality, and economic instability. This chapter offers a holistic view of how science and technology play a pivotal role in sustainable development. It reveals how scientific inquiries contribute to unraveling intricate environmental and societal systems, thus enabling data-driven decision-making processes. A series of case studies illustrate the real-world application of science in areas like precision medicine, climate research, and biodiversity preservation. The role of science is highlighted, focusing on the scientific method as an essential tool for evidence-based sustainability assessments. Case studies showcase the science-driven approaches in areas like climate change and biodiversity. The chapter then transitions to technology’s impact, featuring innovations in renewable energy, smart cities, and precision agriculture as avenues for resource efficiency and climate change mitigation. The narrative also elucidates the synergistic relationship between science and technology, revealing how they mutually inform and enhance each other’s capabilities. Challenges, including unintended consequences and unequal access to benefits, are also considered, with suggestions for interdisciplinary collaborations and policy changes. The chapter concludes by envisioning future trends, emphasizing the importance of STEM education and adaptive policies. Overall, this chapter provides a comprehensive yet succinct overview of how science and technology are instrumental in the journey toward a more sustainable future.