Fuente: Agri-Waste and Microbes for Production of Sustainable Nanomaterials Nutraceuticals are the substances that possess nutritional value and also provide health benefits, obtained from plants, animals, marine, and microbial origin. They are the link between food and health and also bridging the food substances to be used as medicine. Knowledge of nutraceuticals provides information on the nutritional value, and higher content of nutraceuticals in specific food items. Nutraceuticals are important in prevention or treatment of diseases. The aim of present chapter is an attempt to attain knowledge about modern techniques used in nanonutraceutical preparations and about their controlled delivery systems. Encapsulation and controlled-release of active food ingredients are important applications in food and nutrition that can be attained with nanotechnological approaches which are discussed in this chapter and their role in nanonutraceutical preparation. Pulsed combustion spray drying, melt dispersion, and electrospinning are few of the modern techniques, which are used in development of nanoparticles for controlled release of active molecules of nutraceuticals. PCD has been applied for production of powders from solution (or suspension) of different types of materials, such as nanoparticle precursors, food materials, and pharmaceuticals, as well as for drying of wastes, protein powder from egg white, dairy products, food seasoning, and food additives ultrafine powders. Vegetable by-products were found to be nutritionally and sanitarily appropriate for use in animal feed. The synthesis, green methods for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles, which are used in grafting to enhance nutraceutical value of products prepared via pulse combustion-spray pyrolysis. Melt dispersion technique has been used to effectively stabilize an aroma compound. The melt dispersion technology has the potential to improve dissolution and the bioavailability of BCS class II drugs. Electrospinning is a novel delivery approach for bioactive compounds in food technology. Its application in encapsulation of different types of bioactive compounds by biopolymer matrixes. Electrospun nano fibers are broadly applied in biomedical applications, as tissue engineering scaffolds, in wound healing, drug delivery, filtration, as affinity membranes, in immobilization of enzymes, small diameter vascular graft implants, healthcare, biotechnology, environmental engineering, defense security and energy storage and generation. The above examples give us the key role of pulsed combustion spray drying, melt dispersion and electrospinning in controlled drug delivery of nutraceuticals and nanonutraceuticals.