Fuente: Agri-Waste and Microbes for Production of Sustainable Nanomaterials Nanotechnology, with its innovative approaches to enhancing production, mitigating environmental impacts, and improving material functionality, has emerged as a key enabler for sustainable research. Forests and paper, valued in the billions, are considered a vital sector among major industries. This chapter highlights the numerous methods involving nanotechnologies to manage forests and manufacture wood-based products, especially paper, for the benefit of future generations. The study draws attention to different forestry applications like nanosensors for real-time monitoring and nanofertilizers, which increase nutrient-use efficiency by 30%. In the subsequent sections, it is discussed that nanopesticides and antimicrobial agents are used in pest and disease control. At the same time, flame-retardant nanocoatings and nanosensors are used to manage wildfires. Different applications of sustainable nanotechnology in the paper industry include smart paper with conductive nanomaterials, nanocellulose as a sustainable substitute, nanofiltration systems for lower water consumption and pollutant emissions, and nano-engineered coatings for increased product durability. Although nanotechnological applications offer numerous advantages, including enhanced efficiency, reduced environmental impacts, improved material performance, and support for circular economy principles, challenges such as nanoparticle toxicity concerns, regulatory gaps, and public skepticism persist and require attention. To conclude, this chapter highlights the various applications of nanotechnology and nanomaterials currently being utilized by the forest and paper industries worldwide and advocates for rigorous risk assessments and transparent policies to ensure their safe and eco-friendly adoption in these sectors.