Fuente: Agri-Waste and Microbes for Production of Sustainable Nanomaterials As the world faces the dual challenges of diminishing fossil fuel reserves and environmental degradation, this study explores a sustainable and eco-friendly solution by harnessing the potential of agricultural residues. The synthesis of nanoparticles from the agricultural wastes with diverse methodologies employed to engineer nanoparticles with tailored properties is shown. These nanoparticles, with their unique characteristics, hold the key to optimizing biofuel production processes. We investigate their catalytic, accelerative, and stabilizing roles, highlighting their potential to revolutionize the biofuels industry. Through various biochemical and thermochemical conversion techniques, these abundant agricultural by-products can be transformed into biofuels like bioethanol and biodiesel. The process not only offers an eco-friendly alternative to traditional fossil fuels but also helps in reducing the environmental burden of agricultural waste disposal. In parallel, the abstract highlights the significance of biosorption as an efficient and cost-effective method for treating wastewater contaminated with heavy metals and other pollutants. Agricultural waste materials, owing to their abundant availability and high sorption capacity, serve as excellent biosorbents. This dual approach not only aids in cleaner water treatment but also adds economic value to the agricultural sector by utilizing waste materials for a purposeful application. It advocates for a holistic approach that addresses energy security, environmental sustainability, and economic growth, emphasizing the role of innovation and collaboration in harnessing the transformative power of agricultural residues for a cleaner, greener future.