Fecha de publicación: 01/09/2024 Fuente: Journal of Applied Research in Technology & Engineering (JARTE) Abstract
The current agriculture system has become complex and fragile in recent years. With an increase in population, the demand for food is increasing, but the resources such as arable land and water are limited, and clearing forest land for cultivation and over-extraction of groundwater are changing land-use patterns and depleting groundwater resources, which again are responsible for multiple risks in agriculture and food system. The limited land and water resources with increased global population and its demand for food have mainly stressed small farmers. The rising environment, social and economic risks such as crop disease outbreaks, climate risk causing natural hazards such as floods, famine, drought, exposure to chemicals, technology risks such as genetically modified crops, and biofuels, food demand disparities, demographic and dietary changes, financial risk, conflict and political unrest, biological diversity loss, psychological factors in long-term decision making, and emerging complexity within agriculture system network are the some of the examples of multiple risks faced by small farmers in developing nations. Understanding the link among multiple domains such as environment, soil and hydrology, science, technology, finance, psychology, nutrition, and relation and conflicts is vital to study the multiple risks associated with the agriculture system as these domains overlap. Thus, sustainable long-term solutions cannot be confined to a single discipline approach. Therefore, there is a need to understand the intertwined nature of multiple risks affecting farmers. First, the author emphasizes on understanding the interconnected nature of rising multiple risks in modern industrial agriculture and food system in terms of social, environmental, and economic dimensions, this understanding is crucial for sustainable agriculture policy framing. Second, providing policy implications that will help policy makers to develop legalize mechanism to reduce rising risk of hazards.