Fuente: Molecules - Revista científica (MDPI) Molecules, Vol. 31, Pages 1146: Development of Technology for Obtaining Extracts from Powdered Herbs and Their Use in Culinary Products and Dishes
Molecules doi: 10.3390/molecules31071146
Authors:
Gulzhan Zhumaliyeva
Urishbay Chomanov
Gulmira Kenenbay
Assem Boribay
Togzhan Zhomartkyzy

This study aimed to determine the optimal drying, grinding, and extraction conditions for red sweet pepper, garlic, parsley, and celery to obtain concentrated extracts rich in bioactive compounds. Drying was performed using infrared ovens (FD-48 and Basic Station 3) at 30, 45, and 55 °C. The optimal temperature was 45 °C, ensuring effective moisture removal while preserving functional components. Grinding efficiency was compared between an IKA A 11 Basic analytical mill and a Pulverisette 0 vibratory micromill; the analytical mill demonstrated superior performance and processing speed. Soxhlet extraction with 96% ethanol enabled the preservation of flavor, aroma, and functional properties of the extracts. The influence of the herbal extract mixture on the organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological characteristics of culinary products was evaluated. For sauces, the optimal extract concentration was 5%, providing balanced taste, pleasant aroma, stable consistency, and intense color. Physicochemical analysis showed increases in protein (3.24–3.68%), ash (2.52–2.68%), dry matter (25.27–26.94%), and pH (4.11–4.24). Microbiological indicators (TAMC—3.0 × 102 CFU/g; molds—21 CFU/g; yeasts—9 CFU/g) complied with regulatory standards. For meat products (meatballs and pies), the optimal extract composition (garlic 30%, red pepper 25%, parsley 25%, celery 20%) was applied at 0.3–0.7% of meat mass. Sensory evaluation identified 0.5% as optimal. The developed technology enables the production of functional food additives rich in protein, antioxidants, and flavonoids and is suitable for industrial implementation.