Fecha de publicación: -- Fuente: Journal of applied polymer Lugar: RESEARCH ARTICLE Tobacco stem powder (TSP) partially replaces concentrated phenolated kraft lignin-based phenol–formaldehyde resin solution for wood bonding. Kraft lignin is phenolated and converted into PKL-PF resin, followed by TSP addition and hot pressing. The modified adhesive maintains good bonding performance, indicating the potential of TSP as a bio-based filler in lignin-based wood adhesives.

ABSTRACT
Lignin and agricultural residues are promising resources for wood adhesives, but the use of tobacco stem powder (TSP) in phenolated lignin-based phenol–formaldehyde (PF) adhesives remains little studied. Phenolated kraft lignin-based PF (PKL-PF) resin was prepared, and TSP partially replaced concentrated resin solution at constant spread. L9 orthogonal designs optimized resin synthesis and hot-pressing. At the selected pressing conditions (140°C, 140 g m−2, 9 min), dry strength peaked at 10 wt% TSP (4.63 ± 0.72 MPa), significantly exceeding the TSP-free control (3.52 ± 0.35 MPa). Wet strength was highest at 15 wt% TSP (4.42 ± 0.73 MPa), but did not differ significantly from the control (4.17 ± 0.47 MPa). After boiling-water treatment, 15 wt% TSP gave the highest bonding strength (3.60 ± 0.46 MPa), whereas 12 wt% TSP had the highest wood failure percentage (74.00% ± 13.42%).