Fuente: Journal of applied polymer Lugar: RESEARCH ARTICLE Effect of surface modifiers on the dispersibility of rCB in NR matrix and the self-adhesion of NR/rCB composites.

ABSTRACT
Recycled carbon black (rCB), obtained from end-of-life tire pyrolysis, is a sustainable filler alternative to conventional carbon black. Still, its application in rubber is limited by poor dispersion and insufficient interfacial interaction. Herein, rCB was pretreated with three different types of surface modifiers and then blended into natural rubber (NR) to prepare NR/rCB composites with enhanced processing stability. The effects of surface modifier types and dosages on rCB dispersion, as well as the rheological behavior, mechanical properties, and self-adhesion of the NR/rCB composites, were systematically investigated. The modifier significantly enhanced the dispersibility of rCB in the NR matrix, manifested by reduced Payne effect, decreased flow behavior index, and lower die-swell ratio. The strengthened filler–rubber interaction enhanced the reinforcement coefficient and significantly improved self-adhesion (224% improvement), which is crucial for the interlayer bonding performance of transition-layer rubber formulations. Among the three modifiers, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate exhibited the most balanced and comprehensive performance when added at 10 wt.%, owing to its strong interfacial interactions. Moreover, diethyl maleate provided a more cost-effective approach for modification while enhancing comprehensive performance. This study facilitates the utilization of waste-derived fillers and offers a viable strategy for developing sustainable rubber composites.