Fuente: WIPO "circular economy" Dual interpenetrating networks of physically-crosslinkable and ionically-crosslinkable marine polymers, where a physically-crosslinkable polymer is physically crosslinked in a manner than entrains an ionically-crosslinkable polymer, and an ionically-crosslinkable polymer is ionically crosslinked in a manner than entrains a physically crosslinkable polymer, are disclosed. Processes for preparing the dual interpenetrating networks, and articles of manufacture including these interpenetrating networks, such as films, laminates, extruded articles, and the like, are also disclosed. In some embodiments, the interpenetrating networks are further subjected to covalent crosslinking.