Fuente: PubMed "smart farming" Aquac Nutr. 2026 May 19;2026:5621022. doi: 10.1155/anu/5621022. eCollection 2026.ABSTRACTThis study evaluated rapeseed green cake (RGC) as a partial replacement for soybean meal (SBM) in diets for juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides; 15.63 ± 0.30 g). Five isonitrogenous (47.64%) and isolipidic (11.9%) diets replaced 0% (RGC0), 25% (RGC25), 50% (RGC50), 75% (RGC75), or 100% (RGC100) of SBM protein with RGC. Fish were fed for 8 weeks. The RGC75 group showed significantly lower WGR and SGR and higher CF, whereas SR, FCR, VSI, and HSI were not affected. However, no significant differences were observed in whole-body composition. Blood analysis revealed reduced total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) at RGC ≥ 50 and decreased total protein (TP) at RGC ≥ 75. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) decreased at RGC100, while glucose (GLU) peaked at RGC75/RGC100. Gene expression indicated suppressed protein synthesis (mtor, rps6k, and igf1) at RGC75 and significantly suppressed lipid synthesis (pparγ and fas at RGC75/RGC100; srebp1 at RGC100). Gluconeogenesis (g6pase) increased at RGC75/RGC100, while glycolysis (gk) decreased at RGC ≥ 50. Intestinal health markers showed elevated glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) at RGC100 and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity at RGC ≥ 50. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of nf-κb and downregulation of il-10 at RGC levels ≥ 50. Downregulation of nrf2 and gpx occurred at RGC levels ≥ 75. Il-8 expression increased specifically at the RGC100 level. Villus height was significantly reduced at RGC100, accompanied by downregulated expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and claudin-1) at RGC ≥ 75; intestinal epithelial detachment occurred at RGC100, while goblet cell density increased at moderate RGC replacement (RGC50) but decreased at RGC100. Considering growth, metabolism, and gut health, RGC50 (50% SBM replacement) was optimal.PMID:42170339 | PMC:PMC13189470 | DOI:10.1155/anu/5621022