Fuente: Wipo "BigData" The invention provides a public data traceability and responsibility determination system and method based on a block chain, and the system comprises a directory block chain which determines a data providing main body according to a public data use request if the directory block chain receives the public data use request sent by a data use main body, according to a preset uplink directory system and the public data responsibility matrix, generating an intelligent contract for sharing and circulating the public data between the data using subject and the data providing subject, and then pushing the intelligent contract to the data using subject and the data providing subject for content verification; if verification passing information returned by the data using main body and the data providing main body is received, a sharing circulation using record of the public data is generated according to the content of the intelligent contract; and the big data resource platform is used for receiving public data sent by the data providing main body after the data providing main body verifies the smart contract and performs mapping encryption according to the content of the smart contract, and pushing the public data to the data using main body.