Fuente: Wipo "BigData" The invention relates to the technical field of medical image transmission methods, in particular to a medical image transmission method and system based on big data, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a fragment sequence; obtaining an initial correlation degree matrix based on the distribution density gradient of every two adjacent fragments; obtaining a normalized correlation degree matrix; generating an incremental weight matrix through multi-stage projection aggregation, and obtaining an incremental weight of each pair of fragments; based on the incremental weight matrix, a difference adaptive filtering method is applied to obtain a difference optimization matrix; based on the difference optimization matrix, applying a power law distribution model to generate a final distribution matrix, and obtaining the transmission priority of each fragment; and the transmission sequence of the segments is determined based on the final distribution matrix so as to realize ordered transmission of the medical image data, and regions containing key diagnosis information can be quickly distinguished based on the intensity change of data information in the segments and are endowed with higher priorities, so that important data are preferentially processed during data transmission.