Fecha de publicación: 13/10/2023 Fuente: Wipo "IOT" Our fitness activities and health status can be tracked with wearable devices. Our homes and cities can be automated, and the quality and efficiency of urban services can be improved with smart city technologies. Our daily lives are already being impacted by the Internet of Things (IoT), which has been around now. A few examples are given here. The Internet of Things (IoT) promises to make things more intelligent, more profitable, self-sufficient, interconnected, and efficient (IoT). Healthcare, manufacturing, retail, housing developments, urban areas, automation, public transit, and power generation are just a few fields where the Internet of Things (IoT) has already been implemented. According to IHS Markit, 27 billion IoT devices were still online as of 2018.IoT's popularity has also led to a rise in the number of obstacles it faces. Several concerns about IoT security and privacy and a lack of decentralized IoT systems raise serious concerns about the Internet of Things' long-term viability. Because the decentralized IoT paradigm is the centre of this thesis, we'll be examining privacy and security issues.We address concerns about data privacy. Privacy can be easily abused in typical IoT scenarios due to many handled personal data. Furthermore, the aggregation of several data points might lead to the inferring of sensitive information about specific individuals, particularly to third parties who are not supposed to know.As a result of these and other difficulties, it is even more difficult to protect privacy in an IoT environment where IoT systems (smart objects) exchange data. To enhance Internet of Things data privacy, we set out to create a paradigm that puts the user's needs first. An initial paradigm for protecting privacy in cloud-based IoT systems is proposed here. Decentralized IoT networks are then used as a test case. In this model, smart objects are responsible for verifying each individual's privacy preferences. IoT decentralization has many advantages over centralized infrastructures. These advantages include more resilient and secure systems and more excellent guarantees of personal privacy for users. Improved interoperability between services and coordinated and autonomous operations are also advantages over centralized infrastructures. Blockchain is a promising decentralized platform because of its distributed consensus and inherent security features.As a result, we focus on the security and decentralization of IoT systems with blockchain-based solutions. We address IoT security concerns since resource-constrained IoT devices lack robust security measures and are thus prime targets for cybercriminals. One of the most crucial attacks is the compromise of IoT devices to add them to botnets, which are collections of compromised internet computers controlled by attackers by taking advantage of the vulnerabilities of IoT devices. As a result, the botnets carry out DDoS assaults and other harmful activities. Decentralized P2P structures are common in modern botnets, making them more difficult to detect attacks and resistant to countermeasures. We propose AutoBotCatcher as a first step in detecting P2P botnets in the IoT to address this problem. By capturing and auditing IoT device network traffic flows as blockchain transactions and storing them, AutoBotCatcher can detect botnets collaboratively and dynamically. Hybrid blockchain architecture is proposed by Hybrid-IoT instead of the Internet of Things. Hybrid-IoT uses subsets of IoT devices.Make up so-called PoW sub-blockchains, a type of PoW Blockchain. A BFT interconnector framework is used to connect the PoW subchains. We are primarily concerned with the Proof-of-Work (PoW) chains.The creation process follows a set of rules based on specific dimensions, measurements, and boundaries.