Fuente: Agri-Waste and Microbes for Production of Sustainable Nanomaterials Nanotechnology is rapidly transforming modern agriculture and global food systems by providing creative ways to boost output and lessen environmental effects, and enhance food security. The various uses of nanotechnology in agriculture are examined in this chapter, including nanosensors, nanopesticides, nanoherbicides, and nanofertilizers. These technologies promote sustainable farming practices by enabling real-time crop and soil health monitoring, enhanced nutrient use efficiency, and precision pesticide delivery. Additionally, nanomaterials enhance postharvest management, food packaging, and storage, thereby reducing spoilage and food waste. The integration of nanotechnology with omics tools (genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) and biotechnology further facilitates crop improvement, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. The chapter also addresses how nanotechnology can help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN, including those related to responsible consumption, clean water, zero hunger, health, and climate action. Despite its transformative potential, concerns remain regarding environmental safety, nanoparticle toxicity, and regulatory gaps. The chapter highlights that in order to guarantee the safe and efficient application of nanotechnology in agriculture, interdisciplinary cooperation, risk assessment, public awareness, and regulatory change are necessary. Ultimately, nanotechnology represents a promising pathway for building a resilient, productive, and sustainable global food system.