Fecha de publicación: 19/12/2024 Fuente: Citrus Byproducts Extraction Abstract
Prodigiosin (PG) is a potential red pigment mainly produced from microbes (mainly from Serratia marcescens) that has attracted much research interest due to its possessing multi-bioactivities applied in various fields. However, its hydrophobic nature makes this compound poorly absorbed, and low bioavailability hinders its pure-form applications. Its nanoforms can improve these disadvantages, such as good solubility in water due to being encapsulated inside hydrophilic materials or small size and good interaction on membranes to get higher bioactivity. Thus, prodigiosin-nanocomposites production and application attracted excitement in research. To date, most previous review papers have presented general information on the production and application of pure PG and its nanoform medical effects. A comprehensive review of PG-nanocomposites production and their promising applications is still lacking. In this work, research on pure prodigiosin production will continue to be updated (focus on recent reports from 2022 to the present). The synthesis of PG-nanocomposites by various methods, its diverse nanoform applications, and the toxicity aspect are discussed in detail. Additionally, virtual simulation strategies in prodigiosin research were also presented in the current work. In general, utilizing organic byproducts as a substrate source continues as an interesting eco-friendly fermentation approach currently with low cost, shortened time, and enhanced productivity on a large scale. Besides metal/metal oxide conjugate or physical methods, PG-nanocomposites are produced the most commonly by nanoencapsulation methods. Applied studies of PG-nanocomposites mainly explore their medical effects. Virtual computer simulations are also useful tools for PG research, although more in-depth simulations are needed.