Fuente: Journal of applied polymer Lugar: RESEARCH ARTICLE Tung oil-derived polyurethane organogels were synthesized through 1,4-BDO modified FAME-based polyol for efficient cationic and anionic dye remediation. The porous solvent-responsive PU-organogels exhibited rapid adsorption, high removal efficiency, and good reusability, demonstrating strong potential for sustainable wastewater treatment applications.

ABSTRACT
The increasing discharge of dye-containing industrial effluents necessitates the development of effective remediation strategies. In this study, a tung oil fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of Tung oil-based polyol was chemically modified using 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO). The modified polyol (MP-BDO) was further used for the systematic synthesis of polyurethane organogels using four different organic solvents, that is, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), Acetone, and 1,4-dioxane, allowing controlled variation in gel structure and its properties. The organogels were characterized using spectroscopic, thermal, morphological, and computational analyses to confirm polyol modification, urethane formation, and solvent-dependent microstructural development. Their dye adsorption performance was evaluated using methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), and rhodamine B (RHB). All organogels exhibited rapid adsorption, reaching equilibrium within 240 min. Maximum removal efficiencies of 97.49% for MO, 99.96% for MB, and 98.72% for RHB were achieved, corresponding to adsorption capacities of 208.78, 109.96, and 177.69 mg g−1, respectively. The high adsorption efficiency is attributed to the porous organogel network, solvent-induced swelling, and polar urethane functionalities that promote strong dye interactions. The PU-organogel retained 67.82% adsorption efficiency after five adsorption–desorption cycles, demonstrating good reusability and structural stability for wastewater remediation applications.