Fecha de publicación: 03/12/2024 Fuente: PubMed "apiculture" J Environ Manage. 2024 Dec 2;373:123510. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123510. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSustainable land management requires balancing the socio-economic needs of local communities with land conservation. Effective land management programs hinge on how well plans align with the demands and actions of land users in natural landscapes. This study aimed to create optimized land use plans for a Jahan-Nama protected area in Iran as the initial step, followed by simulating stakeholder plans and conducting a comparative analysis. A combination of compromise programming and a simulated annealing algorithm, alongside an agent-based model (ABM) to simulate stakeholder preferences, was employed for land use optimization. The study compared the outcomes of eight optimized scenarios that considered both socio-economic needs (social, economic) and environmental sustainability (environmental), along with stakeholder preferences reflected in multi-objective scenarios with varying priorities and a single-use livestock grazing scenario. Findings revealed that the grazing scenario (single-use) offered the highest employment rate (201 individuals) within the study area, but had the lowest economic efficiency (profitability ratio: 13.38). Additionally, the grazing scenario exhibited the highest water consumption (42,200 L/day) and the highest erosion rate compared to the other scenarios. Conversely, the beekeeping and ecotourism scenario emerged as the most economically efficient (profitability ratio: 46.31) with the lowest water consumption (23,000 L/day). Among the scenarios examined, the highest level of agreement was observed for the simulated sites chosen by beekeepers and the beekeeping and ecotourism (BTP) scenario (Kappa = 0.176). Conversely, the economic scenario (EC) had the lowest agreement with the beekeepers' selected sites (Kappa = 0.135). In terms of ecotourism, the results indicated the highest agreement between the tourists' sites and the ecotourism and recreational scenario (Kappa = 0.332 in single-agent mode and 0.405 in multi-agent mode). On the other hand, the livestock grazing scenario had the lowest level of agreement with the tourists' selected sites (Kappa = 0.282 in single-agent mode and 0.362 in multi-agent mode).PMID:39626399 | DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123510