Fecha de publicación: -- Fuente: PubMed "pollen" J Environ Manage. 2026 Nov 5;420:131307. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131307. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe persistent adhesion of liquid foods to packaging interiors causes significant product waste and recycling challenges, driving the need for sustainable and non-toxic anti-wetting materials. Herein, we report a fully food-grade superhydrophobic coating on paper substrates fabricated via a simple spray-coating and thermal annealing process. Remarkably, the encapsulation of silica nanoparticles and micron-sized pollen templates by beeswax results in the formation of a popcorn-like hierarchical structure, which subsequently develops into a transparent coating with low surface energy and micro-nano rough structure upon thermal treatment. This unique surface endows the paper with superhydrophobicity, compactness, and durability. It achieves a water contact angle above 150° and demonstrates robust repellency against a broad range of liquid foods-including milk, lactic acid bacteria beverages, Sprite, Cola, and Mirinda (with contact angles exceeding 130° and droplets rolling off without residue). The as-prepared surface possesses outstanding environmental durability and mechanical stability, with no significant loss of superhydrophobicity after thermal treatment (-25 °C or 110 °C for 72 h), multiple abrasion cycles and tape peel tests. This food-grade superhydrophobic paper with popcorn-like hierarchical structure shows outstanding anti-adhesive and self-cleaning performance, which is highly promising for liquid food packaging applications. This study provides a green and scalable approach for the development of sustainable superhydrophobic materials with anti-adhesiveness, self-cleaning properties.PMID:42987623 | DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131307