Fuente: PubMed "swarm" Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 28;15(1):42761. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-27043-4.ABSTRACTEfficient design of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) requires balancing high electrical output with thermal stability, yet the complex interactions among operating parameters make this a challenging task. Addressing this gap, this study develops an integrated predictive-optimization-decision framework that systematically models PEMFC performance, explores trade-offs, and guides application-specific design choices. The primary innovation lies in combining multi-layer perceptron neural networks (MLPNN) with metaheuristic optimization, particle swarm optimization (PSO), modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO), multi-objective Harris hawks optimization (MOHHO), and multi-objective PSO (MOPSO), followed by decision-making using the additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method. Predictive modeling results demonstrate variable-specific advantages of optimization strategies: PSO-MLPNN yielded superior accuracy for electrical power output prediction (MAPE = 0.233%), while MPSO-MLPNN achieved marginally better accuracy for cell temperature prediction (MAPE = 0.301%). Multi-objective optimization revealed the inherent trade-off between power and temperature, with MOHHO providing broader Pareto fronts and greater diversity than MOPSO. Optimal operating conditions (STAn ≈ 2.0-2.15, STCa ≈ 2.1-2.3, RHCa ≈ 60-66%, Tin ≈ 26 °C) enabled peak power outputs near 5300 mW while maintaining stable cell temperatures around 39.5 °C. Finally, ARAS-based decision analysis identified seven design scenarios. The scenario with balanced weights yielded a cell power output of 5205.9 mW, representing an increase of approximately 6.94% compared to the mean cell power of 4867.9 mW in the dataset. The corresponding cell temperature was 39.53 °C, which is about 20.3% lower than the mean cell temperature of 49.61 °C. These results demonstrate the proposed framework's ability to provide flexible and application-specific design strategies, simultaneously enhancing electrical performance and maintaining thermal stability and safety.PMID:41315820 | PMC:PMC12663389 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-27043-4