Fuente: PubMed "swarm" IEEE Trans Haptics. 2026 Jun 17;PP. doi: 10.1109/TOH.2026.3704802. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis paper examines emergent haptic phenomena in distributed mechanically-actuated sound installations through a structural acoustic analysis of Babbling Brook, a large-scale installation comprising forty solenoid-actuated computer keyboards (eighty solenoids in total) and an eight-channel audio keystroke layer. Most haptics research in the arts has focused on direct-contact interfaces and wearable devices designed for individual users. Environmental phenomena produced from haptics have received comparatively little attention, in part because they are difficult to measure directly in walk-through gallery settings. The installation is organized around four discrete density modes that span a perceptual continuum: at low densities listeners perceive discrete mechanical keystrokes, while at high densities the acoustic texture approaches a continuous, broadband noise-like regime reminiscent of rain and water streams. Because direct vibrometric and perceptual measurement were not possible in the gallery setting, we analyze the installation's audio as an acoustic proxy for the underlying haptic transformation, using DSP metrics associated with signal stationarity and auditory-texture perception (envelope smoothness variance, spectral flux, crest factor, waveform kurtosis, spectral spread, and low-frequency modulation). Three vintage computer keyboards with distinct switch mechanisms (rubber dome, Topre capacitive, and Alps clone) are analyzed to examine how mechanical profile shapes the resulting texture, and the same pipeline is applied to three natural water recordings as an external reference. Across modes, four of seven metrics differ with large effect sizes (Kruskal-Wallis $H > 8.6$, $p < 0.035$, $\eta ^{2} > 0.70$). Keyboard-specific profiles that are distinct at sparse densities converge at high densities as waveform statistics approach Gaussian values. Mode IV swarm statistics overlap the natural-water reference on five of seven metrics and are smoother than water on envelope and spectral-variability measures, indicating that the swarm enters the broadband stationary regime of naturalistic water sounds, but lacks water's structured macroscopic fluctuations. Together, these results provide quantitative acoustic evidence supportive of an emergent perceptual transformation from a distributed systems approach to environmental haptics in the arts. Direct vibrotactile measurement and perceptual validation are identified as future work.PMID:42308068 | DOI:10.1109/TOH.2026.3704802