Fuente: PubMed "honey" Microb Pathog. 2026 Aug 19;220:108782. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2026.108782. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria remain difficult to treat, creating a need for alternative antimicrobial strategies. This study evaluated standardized natural honey, enzymatically activated honey, and Moringa oleifera-fortified honey against MDR pathogens using integrated in vitro and in silico approaches.METHODS: A single-batch polyfloral Apis mellifera honey was characterized and modified either by controlled 1:1 aqueous activation to maximize glucose oxidase-mediated hydrogen peroxide production or by fortification with hydroethanolic M. oleifera leaf extract. Samples were tested at 25%, 50%, and 75% (w/v) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae using agar diffusion, MIC, MBC, antibiofilm, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, GC-MS, and molecular docking assays, with ascorbic acid included as the antioxidant positive control.RESULTS: At 75% (w/v), natural honey produced inhibition zones of 18±1.1, 14±1.0, 12±0.9, and 11±0.8 mm against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Enzymatic activation increased these zones to 24±1.3, 19±1.1, 17±1.0, and 16±0.9 mm, while M. oleifera fortification produced the strongest activity: 26±1.4, 21±1.2, 19±1.1, and 18±1.0 mm, with MIC/MBC values as low as 10/20 mg/mL. Fortified honey also showed the highest antibiofilm inhibition and the strongest antioxidant performance across DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. GC-MS retention-index verification and docking were consistent with possible contributions from phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoid-like compounds, but did not establish target-specific biological activity.CONCLUSION: Enzymatic activation and Moringa fortification improved honey bioactivity under the tested laboratory conditions. These findings justify further mechanistic, cytocompatibility, in vivo, and formulation studies but do not establish therapeutic efficacy.PMID:42617823 | DOI:10.1016/j.micpath.2026.108782