Fuente: PubMed "apis mellifera" Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2026 May 27:101550. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2026.101550. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNutritional ecology has largely focused on protein-carbohydrate balance, but essential lipids remain fundamental and comparatively underexamined constraints. Here I synthesize evidence that sterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) function as co-limiting, chemically specific nutrients that shape the organization and performance of eusocial Hymenoptera. Across independent origins of eusociality, colonies regulate both the availability and molecular identity of these lipids at the colony level rather than the individual level. In contrast to solitary Hymenoptera, eusocial systems distribute these constraints across individuals and life stages, thereby enabling colony-level buffering. Comparative patterns across wasps, bees, and ants link lipid diversity to ecological niches and division of labor. Sterols primarily support growth and reproductive investment, whereas PUFAs - particularly α-linolenic acid - are disproportionately associated with neural performance and worker task coordination. Colony-level processes, including selective foraging, storage, physiological filtering, symbioses, and trophallaxis, buffer lipid constraints, thereby stabilizing colony function despite variation in dietary lipids.PMID:42208890 | DOI:10.1016/j.cois.2026.101550