Fuente: PubMed "bee" Mol Biol Rep. 2026 Jun 18;53(1):939. doi: 10.1007/s11033-026-12159-1.ABSTRACTMelittin, the major membrane-active peptide of bee venom, exhibits potent antitumor activity but is limited by hemolysis, nonspecific cytotoxicity, and immunogenic risk caused by uncontrolled systemic exposure. This review reframes melittin translation as an exposure-control problem and summarizes detoxification-oriented strategies, including nanocarrier shielding, tumor enrichment, activatable prodrugs, cell membrane-biomimetic systems, and nanosponge-based detoxification. We propose a three-layer framework-systemic shielding, tumor enrichment, and conditional activation-to localize melittin activity while reducing systemic toxicity. Key translational priorities include quantitative hemolysis thresholds, serum leakage assessment, repeat-dose immunogenicity, and manufacturing robustness. Standardized exposure-control design, rather than further enhancement of lytic potency, is essential for advancing melittin toward antitumor therapy.PMID:42313286 | DOI:10.1007/s11033-026-12159-1