Fecha de publicación: -- Fuente: "milk OR dairy products" Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2026 Sep 20;301:111215. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111215. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the efficacy of oral and topical phytopharmaceutical treatments containing extracts of Terminalia bellerica, Boswellia serrata, Bergenia ciliata, and Piper betle in modulating immune response and reducing mammary gland inflammation in Karan Fries cows. Sixty-six early lactating cows were screened for subclinical (SCM) and clinical mastitis (CM) and divided into treatment groups. In the first experiment, SCM cows (n = 6 per group) were allocated to six groups. One group received no treatment (negative control), one group received Mastilep gel (positive control), and three groups received topical mastitis-formulated gels containing extracts of Terminalia bellerica, Boswellia serrata, Bergenia ciliata, and Piper betle. MST-F1 contained the four plant extracts alone, MST-F2 contained the four plant extracts with 1% citronellol oil, and MST-F3 contained the four plant extracts with 1% citronellol oil and 1% eucalyptol. The sixth group received an oral phytopharmaceutical product (PPP) containing the same four plant extracts. Results indicated that topical MST-F2 and oral PPP reduced mammary inflammatory indicators and maintained neutrophil viability and phagocytic activity. The second experiment combined the most effective topical formula (MST-F2) with oral PPP to treat SCM and CM cows (n = 6 per group). Controls included untreated SCM and CM cows (negative) and antibiotic-treated CM cows (positive). The combined treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reduced mammary infections, demonstrating efficacy comparable to antibiotic therapy. This treatment decreased somatic cell counts and was associated with maintained neutrophil viability and phagocytic activity. It helped in shifting from neutrophil dominance to increased lymphocyte percentages. The treatment downregulated neutrophil chemokine receptors (CXCR1, CXCR2) and the pattern recognition receptor CD14 while reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), indicating an attenuation of the inflammatory cascade. These findings suggest that phytopharmaceutical products offer a promising alternative to antibiotics for managing mastitis, improving both udder health and immune function in dairy cows.PMID:42785078 | DOI:10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111215