Fuente: Biomolecules - Revista científica (MDPI) Biomolecules, Vol. 16, Pages 705: Plant-Derived Nanovesicles: A Comprehensive Review from Isolation to Clinical Translation—Unlocking Natural Nanocarriers for Biomedical Applications
Biomolecules doi: 10.3390/biom16050705
Authors:
Xinyan Wang
Chenchen Yuan
Rong Lu

Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) are a class of nanoscale vesicles derived from plant tissues; they are particles with a lipid bilayer and no ability to replicate autonomously. As a type of bioactive natural nanocarrier, they demonstrate immense potential for application in 21st-century nanomedicine, skincare and nutritional health, owing to their excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and targeted delivery capabilities. However, the clinical translation of PDNVs still faces key bottlenecks, including low extraction efficiency, complex purification processes, and immature engineering modification techniques. Compared to the wealth of systematic reviews in the field of Mammalian Extracellular Vesicles (M-EVs), research on PDNVs still lacks a comprehensive exposition of its multifaceted research progress. This review endeavours to comprehensively summarise the shortcomings over the last 60 years regarding PDNV purification processes, research progress, composition and characterisation, engineering modifications, functional mechanisms, clinical translation and market regulation. It discusses the feasibility of innovative approaches such as AI deep learning technologies, interdisciplinary integration and cross-application, and outlines the latest frontiers in PDNV research. It provides comprehensive and reliable reference material for future research and application strategies regarding PDNVs, offering theoretical support and practical guidance to overcome barriers to their industrialisation. This will facilitate the transition from limited laboratory research to clinical application and drive technological innovation in the next generation of naturally derived nanomedicines.