Fuente: Agri-Waste and Microbes for Production of Sustainable Nanomaterials The convergence of microbiology and nanoscience is transforming sustainable agriculture through targeted and eco-friendly management of major biotic and abiotic stresses. This chapter explores the conceptual and practical integration of nanoscale microbial formulations to boost crop resilience, nutrient uptake, and physiological performance. Emphasizing green chemistry principles, the chapter outlines the concepts and application of microbial nanomaterials tailored for improved water-use efficiency, salinity tolerance, and pest and disease management. Case studies and mechanistic insights demonstrate how microbial nanoparticles modulate stress response pathways, ion homeostasis, and photosynthetic efficiency. The chapter also highlights the regulatory, environmental, and translational challenges associated with nano-biotechnology in agriculture, advocating for interdisciplinary research to bridge fundamental knowledge with field-level applications. Further studies are needed to evaluate long-term field efficacy, biosafety, ecological impacts, and species-specific responses of microbial nanotechnology across diverse agroecosystems.