Fecha de publicación: -- Fuente: PubMed "industrial biotechnology" Anal Chim Acta. 2026 Dec 15;1427:346393. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2026.346393. Epub 2026 Oct 14.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: The extensive agricultural application of Ziram, and the health risks associated with it, necessitate rapid, simple and cost-effective detection approaches as an alternative to the tedious conventional chromatographic techniques that are currently used. The present work describes a sustainable enzyme-based biosensing strategy for the detection of this widely used dithiocarbamate fungicide by employing the laccase enzyme present in mushroom homogenate.RESULTS: In silico molecular docking studies revealed the potential binding of Ziram to laccase thereby identifying this enzyme as a promising candidate for enzyme-inhibition-based biosensing. These results were experimentally validated by demonstrating the inhibition of commercially procured laccase or the laccase-containing mushroom extracts, by Ziram. After, characterizing the laccase-containing mushroom extracts by employing spectrophotometric and electrochemical techniques; the mushroom homogenate was explored as a facile biosensor to develop optical or electrochemical platforms for detecting Ziram. Both optical and electrochemical measurements demonstrated the concentration-dependent inhibition of laccase in the presence of Ziram. The microplate-based system provided an optical detection range of 0.01-1 ppm that aligned with the European regulatory limits, whereas the electrochemical biosensor demonstrated even lower range of detection (0.001-1 ppm). The enzyme-based biosensor successfully detected residual Ziram in food samples such as grapes, strawberries, mung bean and black bean that were spiked with this pesticide.SIGNIFICANCE: This study reports a simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly approach for monitoring the fungicide Ziram in agricultural commodities. The results obtained with the laccase-based biosensor showed very good correlation with the standard method employing GC-MS.PMID:43003586 | DOI:10.1016/j.aca.2026.346393