Fuente: PubMed "microbial biotechnology" J Environ Manage. 2025 Nov 28;396:128126. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128126. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn recent decades, rapid economic growth has exacerbated environmental pollution, necessitating sustainable remediation strategies. Phytoremediation, an eco-friendly biotechnology leveraging plant microbe interactions, has emerged as a promising solution. Endophytes, the symbiotic microorganisms inhabiting plants, play a pivotal role in enhancing phytoremediation efficiency by promoting plant growth, improving stress tolerance, and facilitating pollutant degradation. This review systematically examines the mechanisms by which endophytes synergistically enhance phytoremediation, focusing on: (1) growth promotion and nutrient acquisition mediated by phytohormones; (2) restructuring of soil microbial communities to improve soil health; (3) boosting metal tolerance and bioaccumulation in plants; and (4) enzymatic degradation of organic contaminants. Furthermore, we critically evaluate recent advancements in endophyte synergistic phytoremediation, highlighting its potential for large-scale application in mitigating heavy metals and organic pollutants. Despite its promise, challenges such as scalability, environmental variability, and mechanistic uncertainties remain. In this review, we identify key research gaps and propose future directions to optimize the interactions between endophytes and plants for sustainable environmental remediation. By integrating theoretical insights with practical applications, this review provides a comprehensive foundation for advancing phytoremediation technologies.PMID:41319642 | DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128126