Fuente: PubMed "essential oil" Chem Biodivers. 2026 May;23(5):e03453. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202503453.ABSTRACTPinus pumila needles are an underexplored source of essential oils with promising bioactivities; however, the conventional hydrodistillation (HD) method is inefficient and may promote the degradation of terpenoid compounds during extraction. In this study, an integrated ultrasound pretreatment and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (UP-MAH) method was applied to extract P. pumila needle essential oil (PNEO), and the extraction process was optimized using response surface methodology. Under the optimal conditions, UP-MAH yielded 3.81% PNEO, corresponding to a 35.11% increase compared with HD, while also reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions. GC-MS analysis further demonstrated that the terpenoid content of PNEO extracted by UP-MAH reached 96.03%, which was 10.44% higher than that obtained by HD (85.59%). In addition, PNEO extracted by UP-MAH exhibited stronger antifungal activity against multiple Fusarium species. These results provide a green, efficient, and novel approach for the extraction of high-quality essential oils from structurally dense and oil-rich plant materials.PMID:42108680 | DOI:10.1002/cbdv.202503453