Fecha de publicación: -- Fuente: PubMed "essential oil" Microb Pathog. 2026 Oct 17;221:108880. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2026.108880. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBovine mastitis remains one of the most economically significant infectious diseases affecting dairy production worldwide, causing substantial losses through reduced milk yield, treatment costs, and premature culling. Among the causative agents, Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are particularly problematic due to their capacity to establish chronic intramammary infections through biofilm formation, facilitating immune evasion and marked antimicrobial tolerance. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this systematic review integrates mechanistic and translational evidence on biofilm-mediated pathogenesis, pharmacokinetic barriers, and anti-biofilm interventions in staphylococcal bovine mastitis. A structured literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection was conducted for investigations published between January 2015 and February 2026. From 513 identified records, 26 primary empirical studies met all eligibility criteria and were synthesized. Mechanistically, staphylococcal biofilm development entails initial adhesion mediated by microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs), followed by extracellular matrix accumulation governed by the icaADBC operon responsible for polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA/PNAG) synthesis, alongside ica-independent pathways orchestrated by the biofilm-associated protein (Bap) and extracellular DNA (eDNA). These developmental stages and dispersal dynamics are coordinated by the agr quorum-sensing system and the global regulator sarA. Comparative genomic evidence indicates that NAS species, particularly Staphylococcus chromogenes and Staphylococcus haemolyticus, harbor specialized virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants that drive subclinical persistence. Beyond bacterial determinants, antimicrobial efficacy is severely constrained by mammary pharmacokinetic barriers, including non-specific drug binding to milk proteins, sequestration in fat globules, and rapid clearance during milking cycles. Emerging therapeutic strategies notably phytochemical-loaded nanoemulsions, matrix-dispersing enzymes, and bacteriophage endolysins-demonstrate substantial capacity to dismantle established biofilms and restore antimicrobial susceptibility in preclinical models. Overcoming persistent staphylococcal mastitis will require translating dual-action formulations combining matrix-degrading agents with advanced delivery systems into validated intramammary therapeutics.PMID:42892397 | DOI:10.1016/j.micpath.2026.108880