Fuente: PubMed "essential OR oil extract" ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2026 Jan 8. doi: 10.1021/acsami.5c19033. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSuperconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities are essential for high-energy particle accelerators rendering ultralow power dissipation and a high acceleration gradient. We demonstrate a superior performance in niobium-based 1.3 GHz cavities via medium-temperature (Mid-T) baking with remarkable values up to 5.5 × 1010 for the quality factor (Q0) at 16 and 32.7 MV/m for the maximum acceleration gradient (Eacc). Through correlative in situ spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and electron and tunneling microscopy, we establish that nanoscale spatial distributions of impurities (O, C, H) directly evidenced at the metal-oxide interface govern performance enhancement. In niobium, annealing at 300 °C drives uniform oxygen doping (10-100 nm depth) via diffusion from the native oxide, while an optimized Mid-T protocol in delivering high Eacc values suppresses interfacial NbO segregation through competitive C-O interactions. For the optimized protocol, post-treatment characterization reveals up to an 8.8% increased superconducting gap and 29.7% reduced quasiparticle broadening, corroborating strain-mediated defect-impurity interactions at proximity layers. These results provide a Mid-T baking recipe to simultaneously enhance Q0 and maximum Eacc in SRF cavities via competitive impurity interactions at the metal-oxide interface.PMID:41505619 | DOI:10.1021/acsami.5c19033