Provided are enriched tissue extracts and methods of making and using such extracts. The enriched tissue extracts contain biologically active components. Some extracts produced by the methods contain extracellular vesicles. The methods can involve administering a physical stress on a biological sample comprising live cells or otherwise stimulating the live cells of the biological sample. Also contemplated are methods in which the biological sample does not contain live cells. The biological sample is incubated in an extraction solution for a period of time sufficient for extraction of biologically active components from the biological sample. Methods of using the extracts, or extracellular vesicles isolated therefrom, therapeutically and for in vitro purposes are also provided.