Fecha de publicación: 18/11/2024 Fuente: Microorganisms - Revista científica (MDPI) Microorganisms, Vol. 12, Pages 2352: Seasonal Characterization of the Aerobiome in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Rooms: Potential Risk for Immunosuppressed Patients
Microorganisms doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12112352
Authors:
Emilio Mariano Durán-Manuel
Edgar Fiscal-Baxin
Andres Emmanuel Nolasco-Rojas
Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz
Clemente Cruz-Cruz
Marianela Paredes-Mendoza
Adolfo López-Ornelas
Dulce Milagros Razo Blanco-Hernández
Nayeli Goreti Nieto-Velázquez
Aída Verónica Rodríguez-Tovar
Adrián Ramírez-Granillo
Enzo Vásquez-Jiménez
Verónica Fernández-Sánchez
Erika Gómez-Zamora
Mónica Alethia Cureño-Díaz
Andrea Milán-Salvatierra
Carlos Alberto Jiménez-Zamarripa
Claudia Camelia Calzada-Mendoza
Juan Manuel Bello-López

Infections pose a risk for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplants due to their immunosuppression, making them susceptible to opportunistic infections. Therefore, understanding the composition of the aerobiome in this area is vital. The aim of this study was to characterize the aerobiome in an HSC transplant area, evaluating the impact of infrastructure and health personnel operations on air contamination. The environmental parameters and aerobiome of the HSC transplant area at Hospital Juárez de México were quantified over one year. Finally, a double-entry Vester matrix was constructed to classify problems according to their degree of causality. The abundance and taxonomic diversity of the aerobiome were dependent on seasonality, environmental factors, and high-efficiency filtration. Gram-positive bacteria predominated, followed by fungi and Gram-negative bacteria. ANOVA revealed significant differences in the bacterial aerobiome but not in the fungal aerobiome among the transplant rooms. Clinically, fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp., and Penicillium spp. were identified. ESKAPE bacteria typing revealed clonal dispersion. Finally, the Vester matrix highlighted critical problems associated with contamination due to the absence of HEPA filtration and non-adherence in patient management practices. HEPA filtration and positive pressure are essential to improve the air quality and reduce the microbiological load. However, the control areas will depend on patient management and routine activities, such as entry protocols in controlled areas.